During the first half of the 20th century, home needlework was by far the largest manufacturing industry in Puerto Rico. Because average earnings were only between 3¢ and 4¢ an hour, many employers began hiring impecunious women. It was not until 1954 that legislative revisions were made raising wages in Puerto Rico. For such industries, a 25¢ hourly wage proved fatal and employers began fleeing the island. By 1960, close to a million Puerto Ricans had migrated to New York, forced off their island in part by the economic plan for industrialization and modernization of Puerto Rico, known as Operation Bootstrap.
Note: There are images beneath the mirrors that faintly appear as you walk around and look at the piece from different angels. The reflections on the mirrors are of my studio, including some previous pieces.





Operation Bootstrap. Oil on plexiglass, wood, mirror, & lights. 18"x54" April 2009